Background: Detection of fetal sex is valuable for parents. The aim of this study was detection of fetal sex in suspect cases recessive related to sex disease in first trimester of pregnancy.Material and method: After collecting C.V samples and separating from mother"s samples, their DNAs have been extracted, then doing PCR, finally the sex of them detected. Also, after increase in sensitivity of system will be able to detection sex of a cell that obtain by PCR. A statistical analysis was made using the fisher test.Results: sex of 74 samples chronic villous detected by PCR only success to relate with many family for following, but also the sex was correct. After increasing in sensitivity of system, detected the sixteen fetuses that was in different stage cellular.Also detected two unfertilized ovum and fertilized ovum but no divided.Conclusion: Sex detection of fetus before delivery, in first trimester of pregnancy will be preventing to new born patient babies, and also decrease the love and relation between mother and her newborn. It can be used in detection of recessive sex related disease in IVF cases for sex detecting and transfer female fetus to her mother. Another application is for control of population. This optimized molecular which designed based on amelogenin target, detect sex in blood samples C.V single cell PCR with high sensitivity & specificity.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus causing a chronic leukemia/lymphoma in cattle in many countries around the world. Screening for antibodies by Elisa has been the primary means of detecting the presence of this virus. It is not yet known if this assay will detect antibodies in all cattle during a concomitant bovine leukemia virus infection. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the target proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBML). In order to find a highly sensitive and efficient method for the diagnosis of BLV infection in different matrices as well as blood samples, we have designed a Nested-PCR method to detect BLV-gag proviral DNA in naturally infected cattle together with paraffin embedded blocks and degraded DNAs. Samples of natural infected cows (n=281), paraffin embedded (n=3) and degraded DNA (n=10) were examined. When using ELISA as a reference test, sensitivity and specificity for Nested PCR were 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. Interpretation of kappa scores for two methods was substantial (0.693). Predictive value of a positive test was 0.82, and predictive value of a negative test was 0.86. The percentage of cows correctly classified by Nested PCR assay was %85. This strategy have shown to allow detection at different experiments and had higher sensitivity in comparison with normal PCR. This latter technique is useful for mass screening and could be useful to detect proviral DNA in paraffin embedded or old samples.

Background and Objectives: Occurrence of new infectious agents threatens access to zero risk in blood transfusion and enhancement of blood safety. Although sensitive methods are available for diagnosis of hepatitis, yet some hepatitis cases do not have a known etiology. In 1997, the novel DNA virus was isolated from post-transfusion serum samples of patients affected by non-A-G hepatitis. Nowadays this novel virus is known as transfusion-transmitted virus. This circular single stranded unenveloped and virucidally resistant virus is the first human circovirus and has universal distribution. It is believed that TTV may cause hepatitis and aplastic anemia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of TTV in healthy blood donors in Ahwaz and set up N22 PCR for subsequent first-time viral studies in south region in Iran. Materials and Methods: In 2003, we studied the presence of TTV DNA by using Okamoto primers with PCR in plasma of blood donors in whom serologic tests for hepatitis A-C and HIV-Ab were negative. Results: Our study showed that the virus prevalence in blood donors was 23.7% (60/253) and there were not any significant differences between prevalence of TTV and background variables. Conclusions: Our findings showed the same prevalence rate as in neighboring countries; however, in comparison with thalassemic patients that were studied in parallel with the present research, the difference was significant (143/250; 57.3%). It shows the importance of blood transfusion in transmission of the virus.

Trematodes are important in economic and public health. Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (0. turkestanicum) is one of the important economic trematodes in domestic animals. Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum in intermediate host (Lymnaea gedrosiana ) can be detected by either exposing snails to light to induce cercarial shedding or by squeezing them between glass slides to detect parasites. The current available diagnostic methods are inefficient for identification of prepatent infections and/or after dead of snails. For the above difficulties we adapted a Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) assay for sensitive detection of O. turkestanicum in clinical samples and its cercaria in snails. The life cycle of parasite was maintained in sheep and snails in laboratory in Razi Institute. Adult worms were isolated from sheep and DNA was extracted from worms by a procedure using DNA extraction solution developed in NIGEB. PCR and Nested-PCR primers were designed based on 28s ribosomal RNA gene of O. turkestanicum and the DNA was amplified by PCR assay. PCR product was purified and cloned in pTZ57Rff and sequenced. The comparison of the obtained sequences with the GenBank using blast program was showed in NCBI Sequence viewer just 682 bp. PCR amplicon was submitted in GenBank and can be assessed using AY862391 accession number. DNA was extracted from the infected and non-infected snails 2-5 days post-infection. The infected snails could be rapidly detected with Nested-PCR. Results indicate that this assay is specific for detecting 0. turkestanicum. The high sensitivity of the test enabled identification of single infected snail even when its DNA was pooled with uninfected snails. Thus demonstrating the possibility of mass diagnosis in pools of snails, therefore, the assay has the potential for large-scale demonstration of prepatent infection prevalence in snails and offers a new diagnostic tool for evaluation of bilharziosis transmission and for control of infection as discussed.

Background and Objectives: Anaplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium from Anaplasmata-ceae family. Anaplasma causes high economic losses worldwide. 16S rRNA analysis was used to diagnose Anaplasma platys in Cattle. Phylogenetic tree and estimation of evolutionary divergence between A. platys isolates were performed. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 blood samples were collected from a cattle farm in AL-Diwaniyah province. 16S rRNA gene was identified using Nested PCR. Overall, 40% of cattle that were chosen to collect the blood were identified to be infected with A. platys. Results: The results have shown presence of targeting partial region of 16S rRNA gene in 24 samples out of 60. Sequenc-ing results of 10 samples have revealed that the phylogenetic tree was divided in to two separate clades. Five isolates of A. platys-Iraq (accession no. OP646782, OP646783, OP646784, OP646790, and OP646791) were located in one clade with the A. platys-China (accession no. MN193068. 1). While, five isolates (accession no. OP646785, OP646786, OP646787, OP646788, OP646789) were in different clade with two isolates of A. platys-Africa and A. platys-Zambia in distinct branch-es, close to the Rickettsiales. Conclusion: The phylogenetic study of A. platys sequences indicated that the isolates were collected from a cattle farm in Al-Dewaniyah were similar and close related to A. platys-China, A. platys-Zambia and A. platys-Africa). This study suggests that cattle can be considered a reservoir of A. platys.